Sunday, 22 January 2017

DIABETES MELLITUS

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM 1):

In Type I DM the production of insulin by the pancreatic is reduced or completely absent, hence the required amount of Insulin for biological need is reduced which results in Type I DM.

Cause: It is an Auto Immune Disorder, in which the pancreatic cells are destroyed by his or her own Immune System, Which results in lack of insulin Production, which interns result in Type I DM

Following classes of Drugs are used to Management or Treatment of Type I DM
INSULIN AND ANALOGUES
Fast Acting- For Injection:
Insulin (human)
Insulin lispro
Insulin aspart
Insulin glulisine
Insulin (beef)
Insulin (pork)

Intermediate-acting- For Injection:
Insulin (human)
Insulin lispro
Insulin (beef)

Insulin (pork)
Intermediate- or long-acting combined with fast-acting - For Injection:
Insulin (human)
Insulin lispro
Insulin aspart
Insulin degludec and insulin aspart
Insulin (beef)
Insulin (pork)

Long-acting - For Injection:
Insulin (human)
Insulin glargine
Insulin detemir
Insulin degludec
Insulin degludec and liraglutide
Insulin (beef)
Insulin (pork)

Insulin and analogues for inhalation
Insulin (human)

Type 2 Diabetes: 

It is a most common type of Diabetes mellitus, its gradually increasing form of Diabetes mellitus.

Causes: Lifestyle and Genetic mutation are the two major cause of Diabetes mellitus. The basic fact of the cause of Diabetes mellitus is Resistance developed to the sensitivity of Insulin. Insulin is the one most important hormone to control the blood glucose levels by promoting the utilization of glucose.

Following class of drugs are used to manage or treat the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Biguanides
Metformin
Phenformin
Buformin 

Sulfonylureas
Glipizide
Gliquidone 
Gliclazide 
Glibenclamide
Chlorpropamide
Glisoxepide
Glimepiride
Acetohexamide
Carbutamide
Tolbutamide
Glibornuride
Tolazamide
Metahexamide

Sulfonamides (heterocyclic)
Glymidine

Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbose
Voglibose        
Miglitol

Thiazolidinediones
Troglitazone
Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
Saxagliptin
Alogliptin 
Sitagliptin
Vildagliptin
Linagliptin
Gemigliptin
Sitagliptin and Simvastatin        

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues
Exenatide
Albiglutide
Lixisenatide
Dulaglutide 
Liraglutide

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin

Other blood glucose lowering drugs, excl. insulins
Guar gum    
Mitiglinide    
Pramlintide
Benfluorex 
Repaglinide
Nateglinide


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